Determinants of carbohydrate consumption in patients with type 2 diabetes based on the health belief model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15277/bjd.2025.477Keywords:
diet, diabetes, health belief model, health educationAbstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition in which serious complications can only be avoided by managing blood sugar levels. Carbohydrates are the most crucial macronutrients that greatly influence blood glucose levels, and tracking carbohydrate intake is a vital strategy for managing diabetes- related glycaemic control. This study aimed to explore the predictors of carbohydrate consumption in diabetic patients using the health belief model (HBM).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 202 people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) from health service centers in Arak City from 2019 to 2020, selected using a systematic random sampling method. Data were gathered using a researcher-designed questionnaire covering knowledge, HBM constructs and patients' carbohydrate consumption behaviours, with linear regression employed to assess the predictive model of these constructs.
Results: A significant positive association was found between perceived severity (r = 0.271, p < 0.001), perceived benefits (r =0.422, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (r = 0.390, p < 0.001), knowledge (r = 0.401, p < 0.001), and carbohydrate consumption behaviour. Conversely, carbohydrate consumption behaviour and perceived susceptibility (r = -0.172, p = 0.014) were negatively correlated. The following factors were associated with carbohydrate consumption behaviour: awareness (β = 0.278, p < 0.001), perceived barriers (β = -0.241, p < 0.001), perceived benefits (β = 0.335, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (β = 0.177, p < 0.001), with an explanatory power of 32.7% (p<0.001). Regarding fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), knowledge was the strongest predictor.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the efficiency of the health belief model in prediction of carbohydrate intake in people with T2DM.
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